Social Groups

 

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                                                                               Social Groups  

                                                                                 Meaning: )

Social Groups means groups of individuals who are in regular contact or communication with each other.

                                                                                Definitions: )

1- Fairchild :

              Two or more individuals among whom a psychological interaction is considered as an entity not only by themselves but by others also on account of their collective behaviour.

2- Moris Ginsberg :

             Masses of people who are in constant communication in with each other and consist of a recognizable structure.

                                                                     Features of Social Groups: )

1- Identifiability :

             Social groups consist of some specific features on the basis of  which it can be recognized and can be differentiated with others. Example - Family.

2- Norms & Behaviour :

             Every social groups consists of certain norms or behaviour. Each member of group knows their norms and behave accordingly.

3- Common Interest Goals :

             Because of common interest and goals there is 'we feeling' among the members and even if there is individual interest, they are sacrificed for the sake of larger interest.

4- Social Object :

             Social Groups are formed for the fulfillment of some object. For example- The object of family is t fulfill basic needs and upbringing of children.

5- Relative Permanency :

            Social groups are relatively permanent than human beings as human may voluntarily leave the group and die but the group survives.

                                                                       Types of Social Groups: )

1- Charles Cooley : -

                                   (a) Primary Groups

                                   (b) Secondary Groups 

2- Summer Killer : -

                                   (a) In Groups

                                   (b) Out Groups

3- Sorokim : 

                                   (a) Vertical Groups

                                   (b) Horizontal Groups

4- Charles Elwood :

                                    (a) Voluntary Groups

                                    (b) Involuntary Groups  

                                    (c) Temporary Groups

                                    (d) Permanent Groups

                                                                    1-  Charles Cooley: )

(a) Primary Groups :

                   These groups with whom we possess close, proximate, face to face and direct relationships are known as primary groups. Example - family, friend, etc.

(b) Secondary Groups :

                  Groups in which relationship is formal and impersonal. Example - Taxi drivers, crowd, audience, etc.

                                                                     2- Summer Killer: )

(a) In Groups :

                  Also termed as 'our groups' means regard to feeling of loyalty, sympathy, cooperation, etc. Example - People of our own caste, nation & community.

(b) Out Groups :

                  The group regarding whom we entertain the  feeling of hatred, jealousy, conflict, etc... is known as Out groups. Example - People of other nations.

                                                                          3- Sorokin: )

(a) Vertical Groups :

                   Members are related to each other on the basis of superiority and subordination. Example - Class & status.

(b) Horizontal Groups :

                  In these social groups, the status of people are similar. Example - Nation, religion, family members, etc.

                                                                     4- Charles Elwood: )    

(a) Voluntary Groups :

                 Social groups where the membership is matter of choice as it depend upon individual that it wants to join or withdraw from the membership of the same. Example - Social welfare organizations.

(b) Involuntary Groups :

                  Social groups, where we are bound to be a member of the same. Example - Family, nation, caste & community.

(c) Temporary Groups :

                  These are the social groups which are just for the time being and disperse immediately. Example - Crowd, audience, etc.

(d) Permanent Groups: 

                  Social groups which are long lasting. Example - Family, religion, etc.

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